Soil carbon is known as an important parameter for years. Soil carbon and its reserves came into focus since the realization of imminent danger of climate change and global warming for the mankind. Indian soils due to its typical geographical locations in the tropics have are prone to be influenced by climate change affecting soil quality. This book provides a revised estimate of soil C reserves which may act as a control to monitor soil health. Discussion on soil carbon, its reserves and sequestration have always been limited to only its organic form. Inorganic form of C, its reserves and sequestration have also an important role in soil heath and its sustenance. This is more so in tropical India in terms of chemical soil degradation. In the event of warming what will be the soil carbon reserves, and crop performance (yield); how will inorganic C help in predicting future soil scenario? This book discusses a few of these aspects using available soil C and crop models. A concept of Indian Soil Land Quality (SOLAQ) model is also proposed.