The book aims to compare Western and Indian philosophy of language, focusing on the central issue of "meaning." Examining Russell and Wittgenstein from the West and Nyaya and Mimamsa from India, it explores their diverse approaches to reference as the criterion of meaning. The text delves into the development of language philosophy, Gotlob Frege’s sense-reference dichotomy, and various meaning theories. The book undertakes a comparative analysis of concepts such as meaning, reference, and Prameya between Western and Indian philosophical traditions.