Monetary policy is pivotal in steering a nation’s economy by managing inflation, liquidity, and financial stability. For India, one of the fastest-growing economies, it plays a crucial role in sustaining macroeconomic balance while driving growth. As India aspires to reach a $5 trillion economy and achieve developed status by 2047, its monetary policy must adapt to challenges like inflation volatility, currency stability, fiscal management, and digital transformation. This book explores the evolution of India’s monetary policy, current challenges, and future strategies. With a data-driven approach, it provides valuable insights into shaping India’s economic future in the 21st century.