This comprehensive book explores the intricate relationship between the brain and body, influencing behavior, cognition, and emotion. It delves into the biology of mental diseases and the neurological mechanisms driving complex mental processes, making it essential for psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry professionals, researchers, and students. Each chapter details neuroanatomy, brain transmission, and genetic influences on behavior control systems, while also presenting cutting-edge findings on neuroplasticity, stress responses, and the biology of psychological disorders.