This book "Essentials of Molecular Biology" is designed to meet the needs of students enrolled in Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, and Integrated Biochemistry courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The book is an illuminating compendium of Molecular Biology, beginning with the discovery of genetic material and progressing to the current day evolution. The first chapter discusses the evolutionary history of genetic material discovery. The second chapter describes in depth the many forms of nucleic acids. The notion of the genome and its organization are explained in third Chapter. Chapters four and six provide a mechanical understanding of the central dogma of molecular biology. Chapter seven is intended to illustrate some contemporary uses of molecular biology. The authors are confident that this book will benefit our undergraduate and postgraduate students of fundamental and applied biological sciences the most.