This book explores the evolution of labour legislation in India, highlighting the country's commitment to balancing economic growth with social justice. It examines historical foundations, complexities, and the transition to four new labour codes—Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety. Targeted at scholars and policymakers, it critiques practical and philosophical elements driving reforms while addressing challenges of India's diverse workforce. It aspires to inspire dialogue and action for a fair, equitable labour ecosystem amid globalization and technological change.